Management and Organizations in a Global Proportions

Question: Describe about the Management and Organizations in a Global Environment. Answer: Part 1 Activity 1: The Milgram Experiment The behavioral study of obedience conducted by Stanley Milgram in the year 1963 stays evidence to the fact that ordinary, courteous and decent nature of humankind may be challenged when put under pressure from authoritative figures. In fact, the experiment showed that when an individual obeys to an unjust authoritative figure, they could go to any extent inflicting pain to extreme level the other person. It was further found from the study that more than 65% of the experiment subjects or the volunteers continued to inflict severe pain in what they perceived as legitimate authoritative figure (Abc.net.au. 2016). According to my opinion, obedience to authority is definitely applicable to all human beings. The act of inflicting emotional, mental or physical pain can be related to the respective profession of the individual. For example, a sergeant employed in Australian Federal police may inflict severe physical pain to a suspect to make them confess of their guilt. It must be noted that the decision to take extreme actions of inflicting severe physical pain may be because of direct orders from Deputy Commissioner or commander of the police force. Similarly, if my supervisor in an organization instructs me, I also may take to inflict mental or emotional pain to some extent to the other individual. Although it has to be noted that the extent of showing inhumane nature will only be limited to some extent rather than take any decision which may prove to be disastrous for the other person in the organization (Brannigan 2013). Activity 2: Solomon Asch and Group Conformity It will be wrong to say that my personal decisions are always based on objective process. In many times, it is difficult to rule out the factors leading to the comfort zone and there comes the personal opinions, perspectives and feelings of decision-making which are completely subjective in nature and are very often adopted by me. As per the experiment conducted by Solomon Ash, the reason for being one susceptible to conform to the group opinion is mainly based on informational conformity (also known as social conformity) or normative conformity. Based on two theories one may desire to be a part of the group because of the convincing nature of the group. This is seen in positive facts, which are approved by the society, and in most cases, the young generation learns from the older generation in terms of social conformity. In some cases, it also happened that go along with the group so that we do not face any criticism by being deviant from the opinions of the group. Hence, it can be said that for the purpose of greater acceptance one conforms to the norms of the group based on social conformity and normative conformity theories (Kundu and Cummins 2013). In any situation where the subjects are apprehensive of bringing insecurities in maintaining bond among team members of a group, then it can influence a member to change attitude, behavior or opinion within the group. This is particularly evident in teams of modern business organizations, where an individual although having a different opinion about an issue or a step taken by the higher management, is more likely to go in favor of rest of the group members. This has been observed mainly because of fear of losing trust, fear of criticism from the group members and for a greater amount of acceptance by conforming to the norms of the group (Toelch and Dolan 2015). Part 2 Activity 1: Linear Programming Word Problem The main purpose of the video has been shown for a rancher mixing two different brands of food in order to minimize the cost. The main learning objective of the video has provided insights about taking different proportions of quantities of two different kinds of brand and mixing them in such a manner to obtain the minimum cost possible. The rational decision-making approach has been also seen in terms of maintaining the constraints, which are associated with the brand such as in the given case brand X consisted of 15 g of protein and 10 g of fat while brand B consists of 20 g of protein and 5 g of fat. The rational decision-making approach has been also seen in not only mixing the two quantities in the right proportions but also selecting the minimum cost from a list of computed costs (YouTube. 2016). The limitations are seen in form of applicability in issues where the constraints and the desired objective functions are linear in nature. There has to be always expressed in terms of the questions, whereas in practical situations the objective functions are the constraint on not linear in nature and hence they cannot be applied. The limitations are also seen in not considering the uncertain whether factors. It also has to consider integer two as the solutions and one singular objective is only good in common practice. While calculation of linear programming graphical methods the parameters are assumed to be constant in nature, whereas in real life they may not be constant. Hence some of the assumptions are unrealistic in nature (Dent et al.2013). Linear programming model can have significant use in serving of planning for econometric models such as formulation of multilevel planning of national, state level problems and various types of other problems related to storage of food grain, transportation in urban systems. It has various types of applications in production of the environment for the purpose of handling various and hazardous materials and finding out alternative sources such as clean energy, recycling and other cleaner designs (Rueda-Medina et al. 2013). The main advantage is seen in form of dealing with complex problems and improving the quality of the overall decision-making. It is further helpful for analysis of location preference such as public hospitals, health centers and recreational parks. Linear programming also plays a vital role in utilizing data for agricultural planning and allocation of the limited resources such as the factors of production in order to increase the net revenue (Higle and Sen 2013). 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Informational and Normative Influences in Conformity from a Neurocomputational Perspective.Trends in cognitive sciences,19(10), pp.579-589. YouTube. (2016).Linear Programming Word Problem - Example 1. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U [Accessed 7 Dec. 2016].